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Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD) is the most common of the human prion diseases, accounting for approximately 85% of all cases. The sCJD includes five distinct types, which differ according to clinical characteristics (observable physical and subjective symptoms) and neuropathological characteristics (tissue changes that occur in the brain). The molecular features of the different types of sCJD also vary, such as the genotype at codon 129 of the prion protein gene and the length of the scrapie prion protein. (For details, see Gambetti et all. British Medical Bulletin. 66: 213, 2003 and Parchi et al. Annals of Neurology. 46: 224, 1999.)
Sporadic Fatal Insomnia (sFI) has clinical and histopathological features indistinguishable from those of Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) but does not have the mutation on the prion gene that characterizes FFI. (For details, see Gambetti et all. British Medical Bulletin. 66: 213, 2003 and Parchi et al. Neurology. 52: 1757, 1999.)
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